Embryology
Embryology The clinician involved in the care of children with congenital anomalies must possess a basic understanding of embryogenesis, limb formation, and inheritance patterns. The sequencing of the human genome…
ORTHOPEDIC
Dislocations, Fracture Dislocations, and Instability
1Dislocations, Fracture Dislocations, and Instability RAFFY MIRZAYAN Anatomy Elbow stability is conferred by static and dynamic constraints. The primary stabilizers of the elbow are the ulnar collateral ligament (primarily the…
Four-Part Proximal Humerus Fractures Treated with Hemiarthroplasty
14Four-Part Proximal Humerus Fractures Treated with Hemiarthroplasty KIRK L. JENSEN The successful management of four-part proximal humeral fractures with prosthetic replacement requires the orthopedic surgeon to identify those patients who…
Two- and Three-Part Fractures of the Proximal Humerus
13Two- and Three-Part Fractures of the Proximal Humerus GREG M. OSGOOD AND CHRISTOPHER S. AHMAD With the increasing age of our elder population, the incidence of proximal humerus fractures is…
Capitellum Fractures
3Capitellum Fractures SCOTT H. KOZIN The capitellum represents the distal extension of the lateral column of the humerus. The spherical shape of the capitellum articulates with the concave radial head….
Soft Tissue Coverage of the Shoulder
15Soft Tissue Coverage of the Shoulder MILAN STEVANOVIC AND FRANCES SHARPE Traumatic shoulder injuries are common. However, shoulder injuries associated with soft tissue loss requiring reconstruction are rare. The shoulder…
Clavicle Fractures, Malunions, and Nonunions
11Clavicle Fractures, Malunions, and Nonunions RICHARD S. RICHARDS II AND CARL J. BASAMANIA The clavicle is truly an elegant and unique bone that functions as the only link between the…
Pediatric Elbow Fractures
9Pediatric Elbow Fractures SEAN D. EARLY AND VERNON T. TOLO Elbow fractures are very common in children and often pose significant treatment challenges. Physical examination can be difficult, given the…
Sternoclavicular Injuries
10Sternoclavicular Injuries STEVE SCLAMBERG AND JEFF VISOTSKY Sternoclavicular injuries are infrequent but often devastating.1–4 Because of its medial location and strong ligamentous supports, this joint, the only major connection between…
Distal Clavicle Fractures and Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries
12Distal Clavicle Fractures and Acromioclavicular Joint Injuries STEPHEN J. FRANZINO, JEFFREY T. WATSON, AND RAFFY MIRZAYAN Injuries to the distal clavicle and acromioclavicular joint frequently fare well with minimal intervention…
