19 Joint Disease CRISTINA MARCHIS-CRISAN AND ROBERT A. CHRISTMAN Several arthritides have a predilection for the foot (Box 19-1). Without question, osteoarthritis is the most common, primarily because of the…

20 Tumors and Tumorlike Lesions LAWRENCE OSHER, ROCCO PETROZZI, AND ROBERT A. CHRISTMAN GENERAL CONSIDERATONS Primary bone tumor and tumorlike conditions rarely occur in the foot, with most reports ranging…

21 Metabolic Diseases, Nutritional Disorders, and Skeletal Dysplasias ROBERT A. CHRISTMAN, JOHN TASSONE JR, AND CRISTINA MARCHIS-CRISAN Many systemic disorders demonstrate associated radiographic findings in the lower extremity. Although these…

17 Osteonecrosis and Osteochondrosis ROBERT A. CHRISTMAN, CRISTINA MARCHIS-CRISAN, AND RANDY E. COHEN Osteonecrosis and osteochondrosis are two radiographically similar disorders associated with multiple etiologies. Overlap between these disorders often…

2 Film–Screen Radiography ROBERT A. CHRISTMAN, MARY OEHLER, CASIMIR F. STRUGIELSKI, AND DAVID E. WILLIAMSON THE IMAGE RECEPTOR For over 100 years, radiography has used some form of film/intensifying screen…

11 Systematic Evaluation of Bone and Joint Abnormalities ROBERT A. CHRISTMAN The radiologic thought process entails three processes: Detect, Describe, and Differential diagnosis (the 3 Ds). The interpreter must first…