Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
Symptoms/Signs The signs present will depend on the age of the child being examined. The key for examination is to identify if the hip is dislocated, or if not, whether…
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
Figure 8.1 Diagram demonstrating the displacement of the proximal femoral epiphysis and subsequent rotation of the femoral neck relative to the head. (a) Normal, (b) mild, (c) moderate, and (d)…
Paediatric Knee
Figure 10.1 Langenskiold’s radiographic classification of infantile Blount disease. Progressive stages from mild medial epiphyseal-metaphyseal beaking (stage I) to complete medial proximal tibial physeal arrest (stage VI) (Reproduced with permission…
Normal Variants and Self-Limiting Conditions
(1) Paediatric and Young Adult Orthopaedic Unit, The Royal London and Barts and The London Children’s Hospitals, Barts Health, London, UK KeywordsAsymmetryFeetHipJointPositionFemur Introduction Many children who are brought to…
Foot and Ankle
Figure 11.1 Metatarsus adductus. Note the adducted hallux and forefoot and the slightly valgus hindfoot (Reproduced from Benson et al. Children’s Orthopaedics and Fractures, 2009, Springer) The forefoot is adducted…
Paediatric Musculoskeletal Tumours
Tissue type Benign Malignant Bone Osteoid osteoma Osteosarcoma Osteoblastoma Ewing sarcoma Osteochondroma Cartilage Enchondroma Chondrosarcoma Chondromyxoid fibroma Fibrous tissue Fibrous cortical defect Fibrosarcoma Fibrous dysplasia Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia of the tibia …
Paediatric Upper Limb
Figure 4.1 (a) Clinic photograph of a pseudarthrosis of a clavicle. Notice the prominent lump on the right hand side. (b) Radiograph of the same patient. Notice the prominent sternal…
Legg-Calvé-Perthes’ Disease
Initial stage Resorption stage Reparative stage Articular cartilage Necrosis in deep layer Cessation of endochondral ossification Separation from underlying subchondral bone Vascular invasion New accessory ossification Irregularly hypertrophied articular…
Paediatric Spine
Figure 5.1 Lateral radiographs of a high grade spondylolisthesis, both pre and post-op Spondylolysis – A defect in the pars interarticularis (the area of bone between the superior and inferior…
Skeletal Dysplasia
Site Effect Epiphyseal Joint pathologies Short stature Metaphyseal, diaphyseal Short, deformed long bones Spondylodysplasis Cervical instability Kyphoscoliosis Descriptions can be based on the specific site of limb shortening (see Fig….
