Introduction The shoulder forms a foundation from which the whole of the upper limb can move. Acting like the cab of a crane, the shoulder allows the hand to be…

Introduction The trunk is the central axis of the body. The limbs use the trunk as the base on which to move. When the body is upright, the trunk supports…

The anatomical position All movement starts from a posture or position, which must be first defined before proceeding to the changes that follow. A common reference must be used to…

Introduction The motor system moves the arms in skilful activity and the legs in walking, and at the same time controls the background posture of the whole body. The same…

Introduction The peripheral nervous system provides the link between the central nervous system and all parts of the body. The nerves of the peripheral nervous system transmit information to and…

Introduction Upper limb function depends on five roots of origin of spinal nerves in the neck. These spinal roots branch and join in a complex manner forming the brachial plexus,…

Multiple factors in control of occupational performance skills The execution of skills is seen in movements which are the outcome of the integration of muscular and neural components of motor…

Somatosensory system The functions of the somatosensory system are: to monitor the contact of objects and surfaces with the skin, particularly the hands and feet; to report the position of…

Introduction The first four lumbar nerves form the lumbar plexus, which lies embedded in the psoas muscle in the posterior abdominal wall. A second sacral plexus is formed from the…

Introduction People are occupational beings. From very early childhood they explore the world around them to discover the ways in which they can learn about, manipulate, utilise and dominate their…