108 Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Dermatomyositis, Scleroderma, and Vasculitis Ronald M. Laxer, Susanne M. Benseler Key Points Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) accounts for 11% of patients referred to pediatric…
73 Sjögren’s Syndrome E. William St. Clair Key Points Sjögren’s syndrome is divided into primary and secondary forms. The primary form occurs in approximately 0.1% to 0.6% of the general…
98 Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis Paul E. Di Cesare, Dominik R. Haudenschild, Jonathan Samuels, Steven B. Abramson Key Points Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease, occurring primarily in older individuals, characterized…
63 Anticytokine Therapies Zuhre Tutuncu, Arthur Kavanaugh Key Points Inhibition of a single key cytokine can be effective in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Most patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) respond…
90 Polyarteritis Nodosa and Related Disorders Raashid Luqmani Key Points Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN), characterized by vasculitis of medium-sized arteries with few or no immune deposits, is relatively rare, especially in…
99 Clinical Features of Osteoarthritis Amanda E. Nelson, Joanne M. Jordan Key Points Osteoarthritis is the most common form of arthritis, typically affecting the hands, hips, knees, spine, and feet….
81 Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus George Bertsias, Antonios Fanouriakis, Dimitrios T. Boumpas Key Points The standard of care for SLE with severe, major organ involvement involves the combination of…
119 Hemophilic Arthropathy Katherine S. Upchurch, Doreen B. Brettler Key Points Severe hemophilia, if not aggressively treated, is often complicated by recurrent hemarthrosis. Recurrent hemarthrosis causes chronic arthropathy with overlapping…
101 Metabolic Bone Disease Nancy E. Lane Key Points Osteoporosis is a disease defined by low bone density and deterioration of microarchitecture, which reduces bone strength and increases fracture risk….
