Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 25.1 Mediastinal emphysema and subcutaneous emphysema of the neck in a diver resulting from a rapid ascent from about 40 m with closed glottis. Plain radiographs (a, b) and…

Fig. 26.1 A theoretical model for injury causation in extreme sports. Adapted from [2] When evaluating risk in the preseason, ideally a sport-specific functional test will be utilized to obtain…

Fig. 15.1 Foil kite. Arrow shows one of the inlets through which the wind inflates the kite Fig. 15.2 Inflating a leading edge inflatable kite using a hand pump. La…

Fig. 21.1 Wave jumping. In this discipline, the peaks of unbroken waves are used like a ramp allowing athletes to perform aerial stunts. Wave sailing is the most extreme discipline…

Fig. 34.1 (a, b) Vestibular retraining (VOR, horizontal canal) Fig. 34.2 Oculomotor retraining. (a) Convergence; (b) unilateral ocular focus retraining Concussion management can be daunting for both the medical professional…

Fig. 8.1 Long-line operation Terrestrial rescue teams usually work in poor weather conditions and at night or when the air-bound intervention teams need technical assistance. During rescue operations medical rescue…

Fig. 6.1 Friction bullae frequently occur on the heel These bullae, which result from splits in the epidermis at the level of the stratum granulosum, occur most frequently on the…

Fig. 16.1 (a, b) Formationskydiving (Photo: Dario Vecchiato) In freeflying and freestyle, sequences of free-fall moves are scored by judges (Fig. 16.2); in sky surfing, sequences are performed with the…

Fig. 17.1 Hang gliding: landing in Florida Ridge, Miami, Florida, USA ). During their flight, pilots are suspended from the glider by a special prone harness, and they control the…

Grade Definition I Low-difficulty river where little training is needed. Flow is slow moving and predictable. Obstacles are unobtrusive and easily negotiated. Self-rescue is easy with little risk to the…