65 Imaging for Back Pain and Spinal Infection Gregory Gebauer, Chadi A. Tannoury, Michael A. Pahl, and D. Greg Anderson Of the advances that have been made in recent years…

32 Degenerative Scoliosis Rocco Richard Calderone and Louise E. Toutant Degenerative or de novo scoliosis presents in adults, in contrast to idiopathic scoliosis of adolescence. Degenerative adult spinal deformity is…

60 Computer-Assisted Spinal Surgery Iain H. Kalfas The management of spinal disorders has been greatly influenced by the development and use of screw-based fixation devices. Accurate placement of these screws…

25 Ankylosing Spondylitis Tony Tannoury and Jeffery Thomas P. Luna Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a seronegative inflammatory autoimmune disease of unknown etiology and is one of the spondylarthritides commonly associated…

33 Adult Isthmic Spondylolisthesis Jim A. Youssef, Katie A. Patty, and Douglas G. Orndorff Adult isthmic spondylolisthesis (AIS), a subluxation of a vertebral body (VB) over a subadjacent VB, occurs…

58 Lumbar Laparoscopy Haim D. Blecher Anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF) has traditionally been a technique widely utilized by spine surgeons for the treatment of many disorders. Given the ability…

44 Corrective Osteotomies for Kyphosis Lukas P. Zebala and Keith H. Bridwell This chapter reviews three techniques for posterior-only correction of kyphotic deformities: Ponte or Smith-Petersen osteotomy (SPO), pedicle subtraction…

56 Minimally Invasive Posterior Cervical Approaches D. Greg Anderson and Gregory Gebauer Modern minimally invasive surgery (MIS) techniques in the spine have focused primarily on the thoracolumbar spine. Current advances…

66 Spinal Imaging for Pseudarthrosis Daniel J. Blizzard, Qusai Hammouri, Joshua William Hustedt, and Jonathan Newman Grauer Failure of spinal arthrodesis or fusion leads to a condition called pseudarthrosis. Though…