Musculoskeletal Key

Pilon Fractures George S. Gumann Justin J. Fleming The opinions of the authors are their private views and are not to be considered as representative of official policy of the…

Midfoot Fractures Travis A. Motley Brian B. Carpenter The navicular, cuboid, and cuneiform bones make up the midfoot. The midfoot has been described in several ways for understanding injury patterns…

Metatarsal Fractures Michael S. Lee Linda Ho Fractures of the metatarsals are frequently encountered injuries. They account for up to 55% of all foot fractures and may represent nearly 7%…

Dislocations of the Foot and Ankle Graham A. Hamilton Lawrence A. Ford Johanna-Marie Richey Joint dislocations represent an injury that results in the loss of integrity of the anatomic structures…

Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) Joint Dislocation Lawrence A. DiDomenico Dawn Y. Stein Fracture dislocations of the tarsal-metatarsal (Lisfranc injuries) can be subtle and may be missed in both initial and later evaluation…

Digital and Sesamoid Fractures Michael S. Downey Gretchen A. Lawrence Digital and sesamoid fractures are common injuries affecting patients in all age groups and activity levels, including those who are…

Achilles Tendon Trauma Alan Ng Keith L. Jacobson In 1541, Paré was given credit for recognizing Achilles tendon ruptures as a clinical entity. It was not reported in the literature…

Management of Acute and Chronic Tendon Injury Ryan H. Fitzgerald Despite being less common than osseous or ligamentous trauma, tendon injuries in the foot and ankle present a significant management…

Trauma to the Nail and Associated Structures D. Scot Malay Robyn Winner Injuries involving the pedal nail bed and associated structures are common. Acute toenail injuries are most frequently caused…

Complications of Internal Fixation John V. Vanore William G. Montross Fixation of elective osteotomies, arthrodesis, and traumatic fractures are part of daily practice for foot and ankle surgeons. An osteosynthesis…