E) of 7.5 l·min− 1 (15 × 0.5). The volume of each breath (tidal volume: VT) depends on body size and metabolic rate. Larger people have larger lungs and take larger breaths; they also…

*Mahler DA, Weinberg DH, Wells CK et al, 1984. The measurement of dyspnea: Contents, interobserver agreement, and physiologic correlates of two new clinical indexes. Chest 85, 751–758.   Box 7.2B   Transition…

Figure 1.1 Schematic diagram of the respiratory system. See text for details. (With permission from Thibodeau GA, Patton KT, 1996. Anatomy and physiology, 3rd edn. Mosby, St Louis.) The airways…

Figure 4.1 Interrelationship of the three key properties of inspiratory muscles: pressure (strength), flow (velocity) and power (strength × velocity). Squares = pressure / flow; circles = pressure / power. (Adapted from McConnell AK, 2011. Breathe strong, perform better. Human…

4. Some specific physiological indicators of potential load / capacity imbalance of the respiratory muscles, and / or inadequate respiratory muscle function. The following are not unique to load / capacity imbalance of the respiratory muscles, but…

Figure 3.1 Comparison of the response of the exercise tidal flow volume in a person with expiratory flow limitation (EFL) (solid lines), compared with that predicted for someone with normal…

Figure 5.1 A pressure threshold inspiratory muscle trainer illustrating the spring-loaded poppet valve that provides the training load to the inspiratory muscles. (From POWERbreathe International Ltd, with permission.) Because of…