Musculoskeletal Key

Internal Impingement James R. Andrews Patrick J. Casey INTRODUCTION Overhead athletes subject the shoulder to tremendous forces and stresses during competition. Extreme external rotation with the arm abducted 90 degrees…

Interval Program and Its Implication for the Throwing Athlete Michael W. Allen Sumant G. Krishnan The kinematics and kinetics of full effort pitching are well documented (1). Shoulder internal rotation…

Specific Exercises for the Throwing Shoulder Kevin E. Wilk Michael M. Reinold INTRODUCTION Specific strengthening and flexibility exercises play a vital role in the ultimate function and injury prevention in…

Resistance Training and Core Strengthening Donald A. Chu Christine Boyd Andrea Hammer INTRODUCTION Resistance training programs for the overhead athlete should focus on developing strength, power, and outcome gains, which…

The Assessment of Outcomes for the Treatment of the Overhead Athlete John E. Kuhn INTRODUCTION In recent years, a great deal of attention has been paid to the concept of…

Imaging of the Overhead Athlete Eric D. Smith Charles P. Ho INTRODUCTION The shoulder has the most complex and greatest range of motion of any joint in the body. This…

Clinical Examination of the Overhead Athlete: The “Differential-Directed” Approach John M. Tokish Sumant G. Krishnan Richard J. Hawkins INTRODUCTION The organization of this chapter on the clinical evaluation of the…

Shoulder Anatomy and Biomechanics During Overhead Motions James E. Tibone Rick B. Cunningham Patrick J. McMahon INTRODUCTION The goal in treating the overhead athlete is to eliminate pain and enable…

The Overhead Athlete—Challenges and Decision-Making Richard J. hawkins Sumant G. Krishnan INTRODUCTION From an orthopedic and therapy point of view, it has been some time since we have had an…