Musculoskeletal Key

Congenital Overlapping Fifth Toe Deformity Michael S. Downey Jon M. Wilson Jr. The congenital overlapping fifth toe deformity, also known as congenital digitus minimus varus or congenital digitus quinti varus,…

Flexor Digitorum Longus Tendon Transfer Annette D. Filiatrault John A. Ruch Steven A. Weiskopf Complex digital deformities and metatarsophalangeal joint (MTPJ) instability encompass a wide range of pathology including crossover…

Digital Surgery: Metatarsophalangeal Joint Release and Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Arthrodesis Andrea D. Cass John A. Ruch There are many etiologies of contracted digits, with varying clinical presentations (1,2). In this…

Flail Toe with Bone Graft Kieran T. Mahan Although the outcomes of digital surgery are usually good, complications do occur. Excessive bone resection, bone resorption, and overlengthening of the extensors…

Interdigital Neuroma (Morton Neuroma) Jeffrey S. Boberg Cameron L. Eilts Morton in 1876 attributed associated clinical symptoms of a neuroma to an “affection of the fourth metatarsophalangeal joint” and to…

Lesser Digital Deformities: Etiology, Procedural Selection, and Arthroplasty Jeffrey S. Boberg Jason J. Willis Lesser digital deformities are perhaps one of the most common problems afflicting the foot and ankle….

Instrumentation D. Scot Malay Robyn Winner Surgical instrumentation is highly specialized, and it has been said that there is a tool for every maneuver. In many instances, multiple instruments serve…

Nail Surgery Timothy W. Crislip Jeffrey S. Boberg Pain associated with an ingrown toenail is a common presenting complaint in a foot surgeon’s office. The term ingrown nail and onychocryptosis…

Perioperative Antibiotics Amanda Meszaros Historically, infection and mortality rates following surgical procedures were extremely high. In the 1600s, clinical signs of infection, including erythema, calor, and gross purulence, were thought…