Physical Therapy—The Science
CHAPTER 106 Physical Therapy—The Science Eric A.K. Mayer, MD, Julie Fritz, PhD, PT ATC Physical therapy has long been the “backbone” in the care continuum to return patients with spine…
Psychologic Strategies for Chronic Pain
CHAPTER 104 Psychologic Strategies for Chronic Pain Edward C. Covington, MD, Judith Scheman, PhD “Pain is an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or…
Surgical Management of Axial Pain
CHAPTER 39 Surgical Management of Axial Pain Timothy A. Garvey, MD Patients who present for evaluation rarely state, “I have C7 radiculopathy from a soft herniated intervertebral disc on right…
Medical Myelopathies
CHAPTER 37 Medical Myelopathies Joseph R. Berger, MD Spinal cord disease may result from a variety of insults. A general classification of these various etiologies is provided in Table 37–1….
Annular Repair
CHAPTER 47 Annular Repair Gunnar B.J. Andersson, MD, PhD The anulus fibrosus is an important part of the intervertebral disc. Similar to the other disc components, the anulus undergoes changes…
“Very” Future Directions in Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery
CHAPTER 61 “Very” Future Directions in Minimally Invasive Spinal Surgery Michael Mac Millan, MD (Note to the reader: In order to describe the future directions of minimally invasive spinal surgery,…
Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring of the Spine
CHAPTER 14 Intraoperative Neurophysiologic Monitoring of the Spine Dileep R. Nair, MD, Imad M. Najm, MD The primary objective in intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring is to identify and prevent the development…
Lumbar Musculature: Anatomy and Function
CHAPTER 5 Lumbar Musculature Anatomy and Function Tom G. Mayer, MD, Eric A.K. Mayer, MD, Dale Reese, BSc, CPed Muscles are the dynamic stabilizers of the spine, with functions similar…
Genetic Applications: An Overview
CHAPTER 9 Genetic Applications An Overview Edward Westrick, MD, Gwendolyn Sowa, MD, PhD, Scott D. Boden, MD, James D. Kang, MD Exciting developments in biomedical technology, molecular biology, and genetics…
Nonoperative Management of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis
CHAPTER 63 Nonoperative Management of Lumbar Spinal Stenosis Daniel Mazanec, MD Lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is best defined as a clinical syndrome of buttock or lower extremity pain, with or…
