Fig. 6.1 Hormonal and other changes in patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea. In patients with hypothalamic amenorrhea, there are alterations of hormones and other factors that affect the secretion of gonadotropin-releasing…
Direct estimates of energy requirements, such as indirect calorimetry, require the use of costly equipment and other methods of calculating energy requirements require knowledge of an athlete’s lean body mass…
© Springer Science+Business Media New York 2015Catherine M. Gordon and Meryl S. LeBoff (eds.)The Female Athlete Triad10.1007/978-1-4899-7525-6_11 11. Future Directions and Research Agenda Catherine M. Gordon1, 2 and Meryl S. LeBoff3, 4 (1) Division of Adolescent Medicine, Department of…
6. Stop Sports Injuries. www.stopsportsinjuries.org. Last accessed 10 June 2014. 7. Gibbs JC, Williams NI, De Souza MJ. Prevalence of individual and combined components of the female athlete triad. Med…
Fig. 5.1 DXA scan of the lumbar spine of a healthy 14-year-old girl. Areal BMD (aBMD) is calculated from BMC by dividing BMC by the projected area in the coronal…
X-ray MRI Treatment Grade 1 Normal Positive on STIR image only 3 weeks rest “Stress reaction” Grade 2 Normal Positive STIR plus positive T2 3–6 weeks rest “Stress injury”…
Test Finding Beta human chorionic gonadotropin Pregnancy FSH ↓ in HPO suppression ↑ in primary ovarian insufficiency LH:FSH May see >2:1 in PCOS Estradiol ↓ in HPO suppression TSH Thyroid…
1. Age and female gender 2. Early childhood eating problems 3. Childhood obesity or overweight 4. Weight related teasing of the child/adolescent 5. Dieting 6. Perinatal adverse events (prematurity, small…
Study Sample Energy availability: measurement (EA) Energy availability: prevalence (%) Menstrual function: measure Menstrual function: prevalence (%) Bone mineral density: measurement (BMD Z-score) Bone mineral density: prevalence (%) Three-way prevalencea…
Fig. 5.1 Early stress response on radiography. (a) Frontal radiograph of the forefoot shows focal osteopenia of the lateral cortex of the distal second metatarsal shaft (white arrow) and periostitis…
