Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 12.1 Histologic cross section of a normal knee joint (Courtesy of Edward DiCarlo, MD, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY) Under physiological conditions, the subchondral bone adapts its…

First author Year Mouse strain Phenotype Outcome Reference Fitzgerald 2008 MRL/MpJ Knee articular cartilage defects, ear wounds Able to heal full-thickness knee articular cartilage defects, able to heal 2-mm ear…

Fig. 23.1 PTA after previous both column plating of an acetabular fracture Bone Stock Patients with PTA from acetabular fractures treated nonoperatively may have altered bony anatomy secondary to remodeling…

Fig. 11.1 Toluidine blue staining of a cartilage biopsy specimen overlying a bone bruise harvested from an ACL-injured patient before ACL reconstruction (from [6]). This specimen was histologically graded as…

Fig. 7.1 Left: Setup to initiate ACL rupture injuries, consisting of custom platens designed to hold the knee and ankle joints, a load cell, and a tube for administering anesthesia,…

Fig. 5.1 (a) Illustration of anatomy of meniscus orientation on the tibial plateau in the human left knee. (Reproduced from Makris et al. The knee meniscus: Structure-function, pathophysiology, current repair…

  Baseline 2-year Difference IKDC 53 (40, 65) 84 (74, 92) +31 KOOS ADL 88 (72, 97) 98.5 (92.6, 100) +10.5 KOOS QoL 38 (19, 50) 75 (62, 88) +37…

Fig. 15.1 Overview of cell death-related pathways. Extrinsic apoptosis involving death receptors and extracellular ligands leads to the activation of caspases. Inhibition of caspases is mediated by various molecules including…

Fig. 3.1 Prior to and during OIF/OND and OEF, frequencies of medical discharge due to osteoarthritis have stayed nearly the same. However, back, upper, and lower extremity conditions have resulted…

Fig. 4.1 A load-controlled test apparatus to apply single or cyclic loads to multiple cartilage specimens. (A) Pneumatic air pistons to load the explants. (B) Piston rod with flat-bottom, cylindrical,…