Fig. 29.1 Top: on-water hiking on a laser dinghy boat. Bottom: simulated hiking on a laser bench (simulator) in the laboratory What makes dinghy hiking a different form of physical…
Figs. 11.1 Snowboarding jump (Photo by Jack Antal) 11.3 Skiing Injuries The mechanics of skiing involve a separate ski attached to each leg with a binding designed to release in…
Fig. 33.1 Orbital anatomy The ocular surface is protected by the tear film and the eyelids. Tears are a triphasic matrix, produced by cells in the conjunctiva, lacrimal gland and…
Fig. 12.1 Extreme mountain biking can be performed at incredible places, especially in mountainous areas (Photo courtesy of Manfred Stromberger) The idea of practicing mountain biking during the summer season…
Fig. 7.1 “Self-foot care station” in an expedition-length adventure race Fig. 7.2 The author examines a participant during the Primal Quest Expedition Length Adventure Race Many of the critical details…
Dominant axis a w [m/s2] MTVV z [m/s2] MTVV/a w VDV z [m/s1.75] Kitesurf Z 5.5 25 4.5 65 (1 h) Alpine ski Z 8.9 100 11 95 (2…
Category of constraint Specific Application (scaling) Task Instruction Required climbing speed, technique/behaviour, attentional foci, feedback Safety demands Lead climbing (securing ascent with existing/temporary bolts), top roping, seconding (removing bolts), multi-pitch,…
where S = rate of body heat storage M = rate of metabolic energy (heat) production W = external mechanical force production (concentric, eccentric, isometric in isolation or combination) R + C = rate of radiant and convective energy exchanges…
Fig. 27.1 The main technical characteristics of sailboard include length, width, and the material of board The principle of windsurfing is simple; windsurfers stand on the board, with the feet…
Figs. 24.1 and 24.2 Giorgia Gregorio wakeboarding (Photo courtesy of Ricardo Pinto) In Germany with its 82 million people, around 20,000 active wakeboarders are currently estimated, with 50 towing devices…
