Concussion
15 CONCUSSION Siatta B. Dunbar and Margot Putukian INTRODUCTION Concussion is a common and important injury for a variety of sports participants at every level of play. Whether there are…
Tendinopathy
13 TENDINOPATHY Samuel K. Chu and Joseph Ihm INTRODUCTION While researchers have analyzed sex differences in detail in some musculoskeletal conditions, there are limited studies in the literature directly evaluating…
Minimally Invasive Realignment Surgery of the Charcot Foot
The aftereffects of Charcot joint disease include joint subluxation or dislocation, loss of bone quality, and osseous malalignment (FIG 1). As a result of the deformed Charcot foot position, aberrant…
Arthroscopic Ankle Arthrodesis
Arthritis of the ankle can evolve from multiple causes, including, but not limited to, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and posttraumatic conditions. As the condition progresses, it generally leads to increased pain,…
Arthroscopy of the Ankle
Arthroscopy of the ankle has become an invaluable tool for evaluating and treating pathology in the ankle joint. Arthroscopy allows a minimally invasive approach to the structures of the ankle…
Chronic Lateral Ankle Instability
Lateral ligament injuries of the ankle are treated conservatively with good results in most cases. However, several factors may lead to chronic ankle instability with recurring ankle sprains: Inadequate primary…
Capsular Interpositional Arthroplasty
Hallux rigidus refers to degenerative arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint that is characterized by pain, decreased range of motion (ROM), and proliferative osteophyte formation. ANATOMY The first MTP…
Surgical Management of Freiberg’s Infraction
Freiberg infraction is an osteochondrosis of a lesser metatarsal head, most commonly involving the second metatarsal. In 1913, Freiberg originally documented six cases and used the term infraction to indicate…
Endoscopic Plantar Fasciotomy
Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain in adults. The predominant symptom is pain in the plantar region of the foot when initiating walking. The cause is…
