The Aging Athlete
17 THE AGING ATHLETE Prakash Jayabalan SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE AGING ATHLETE Currently people over age 65 account for 12% to 13% of the total population, and by 2030 it…
Concussion
15 CONCUSSION Siatta B. Dunbar and Margot Putukian INTRODUCTION Concussion is a common and important injury for a variety of sports participants at every level of play. Whether there are…
Tendinopathy
13 TENDINOPATHY Samuel K. Chu and Joseph Ihm INTRODUCTION While researchers have analyzed sex differences in detail in some musculoskeletal conditions, there are limited studies in the literature directly evaluating…
Minimally Invasive Realignment Surgery of the Charcot Foot
The aftereffects of Charcot joint disease include joint subluxation or dislocation, loss of bone quality, and osseous malalignment (FIG 1). As a result of the deformed Charcot foot position, aberrant…
Arthroscopic Ankle Arthrodesis
Arthritis of the ankle can evolve from multiple causes, including, but not limited to, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and posttraumatic conditions. As the condition progresses, it generally leads to increased pain,…
Capsular Interpositional Arthroplasty
Hallux rigidus refers to degenerative arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint that is characterized by pain, decreased range of motion (ROM), and proliferative osteophyte formation. ANATOMY The first MTP…
Surgical Management of Freiberg’s Infraction
Freiberg infraction is an osteochondrosis of a lesser metatarsal head, most commonly involving the second metatarsal. In 1913, Freiberg originally documented six cases and used the term infraction to indicate…
Endoscopic Plantar Fasciotomy
Plantar fasciitis is the most common cause of heel pain in adults. The predominant symptom is pain in the plantar region of the foot when initiating walking. The cause is…
