Rupture of the Achilles tendon is common. More than 20% of acute injuries are misdiagnosed, leading to chronic or neglected ruptures.4 Most authors define chronic rupture as a rupture with…
Insertional and midsubstance Achilles tendinosis is a painful degenerative process that arises due to mechanical and vascular factors and affects the paratenon and collagen fibers. It is most commonly seen…
Patrick Haglund in 1928 described an enlarged posterior border of the os calcis.4 This anatomy (Haglund deformity) becomes very important when external shoeing/heel counter and repeated hyperdorsiflexion causes contact between…
Shortening of the first metatarsal may occur after first metatarsal osteotomies for hallux valgus correction.1–3 If the first metatarsal is considerably shortened, the patient may develop painful transfer metatarsalgia of…
Hallux rigidus is arthritis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. The amount of arthritis can range from focal areas of cartilage injury or osteophyte formation without joint space narrowing to…
Charcot foot arthropathy is an inflammatory disease process that primarily affects the foot and ankle of patients with long-standing diabetes (10-plus years) and diabetic peripheral neuropathy (PN).3,4,7,24 The destructive inflammatory…
Varus-type osteoarthritis is characterized by varus deformity combined with anterior opening of the articular surface at the distal end of the tibia.1,2 It often develops bilaterally in middle-aged and elderly…
Arthrosis of the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint is commonly seen in osteoarthritis (hallux rigidus), rheumatoid disease, and gout. The indication for surgical treatment of the first MTP joint is pain…
The midfoot extends from the midtarsal joint to the Lisfranc joint and connects the hindfoot and forefoot.2,3 Normal gait requires complex synergetic actions between the joints of the hindfoot and…
Articular defects of the tibiotalar joint, posttraumatic arthritis, and osteoarthritis can limit activity, make walking difficult, and lead to severe pain. Unlike the knee and hip, primary arthritis rarely affects…
