DMP-1 in Postnatal Bone Development
Fig. 4.1 Schematic structure of DMP1 protein, gene and ARHR mutrations. a Schematic structure of the human DMP1 gene and ARHR mutations. DMP1 is composed of six exons. Because of…
Overview of Next Generation, High-Throughput Molecular Genetic Methods
Fig. 1.1 Microarray SNP genotyping and copy number analysis. a Individual SNP genotypes are determined by the fluorescent color emitted when allele-specific probes (shown in black) are hybridized to the…
The Genetic Architecture of Idiopathic Scoliosis
Fig. 5.1 Patient with idiopathic scoliosis. Curvature of the spine to the right with should imbalance is evident in the picture on the left. Standing postero-anterior spinal radiograph reveals severe…
Molecular Genetics of Congenital Multiple Large Joint Dislocation
Gene OMIM number Autosomal dominant Larsen syndrome FLNB 150250 Ehlers Danlos syndromes, arthrochalasia type COL1A1, COL1A2 130060 Spondyloepimetaphyseal dysplasia with joint laxity- type 2 KIF22 603546 Autosomal recessive…
Insights into the Genetics of Clubfoot
Fig. 6.1 Dorsal and plantar views of clubfoot Treatment The two most common nonsurgical approaches in current use are the Ponseti and Montpellier (French or functional) methods, which both promote…
Meniscus Surgery
Fig. 3.1 Normal meniscus The menisci enhance the stability of the knee joint by deepening and hence increasing the contact area between the femoral condyles and the tibial plateau. They…
Nonoperative Treatment Options for Knee Osteoarthritis
Fig. 2.1 First page of search results from google.com.au using the terms “treatments for knee osteoarthritis” To address the volume of potentially misleading information available to both clinicians and patients,…
Osteoarthritis: Definition, Etiology, and Natural History
1 Knee pain for most days of previous month 2 Osteophytes at joint margins on radiographs 3 Synovial fluid typical of osteoarthritis (laboratory) 4 Age ≥40 years 5 Crepitus on…
Total Knee Arthroplasty for the Young, Active Patient with Osteoarthritis
Fig. 8.1 Age distribution of all knee procedures (N = 27,158) in the United States in 2013. The mean age (66.7 years) reflects the decreasing age at which knee procedures are being…
Periarticular Knee Osteotomy
Fig. 6.1 HTO – medial opening wedge Currently HTO is undergoing a revival, particularly in younger more active patients, due to the desire to preserve the native knee, bone stock,…
