Musculoskeletal Key

  T score Normala At or over −1,0 SD Osteopenia (low bone mass)b Ranges between −1.0 and −2.5 SD Osteoporosisc At or below −2.5 SD Severe or established osteoporosis The…

where R = 4 × 5/6 body weight =20/6 body weight. As noted above, the sum of weight affecting a single hip is more than three folds the body weight. Besides, motions such as…

Fig. 45.1 The adjacent structures of the backside of the left hip joint after lifting up the gluteus maximus are seen. P piriformis, SG superior gemellus, OI obturator internus, IG…

Fig. 22.1 Bilateral standing X-ray of a 65-year-old female patient. Mild to moderate radiological findings of osteoarthritis were recognized A 65-year-old female patient approached the outpatient clinic with symptoms of…

Fig. 11.1 Chondrosarcoma located in the right femur. Coronal images with T1-weighted (a), fat saturated (FS) T2-weighted (b), and contrast enhanced FS T1-weighted images (c). Note the associated soft tissue…

Fig. 18.1 Microscopic appearance of cancellous bone and bone marrow. BM bone marrow, CB cancellous bone Cancellous Bone Bone tissue is formed in a place which does not contain any…

Fig. 29.1 Development of the spinal cord at gestational day 19, 20, and 22 Failure of the Ends of the Neural Tube to Close (a) Cranially, may cause anencephaly  …

Fig. 47.1 Lumbar spine anatomy and lumbar plexus branches related to the bony anatomy. Spinal nerve and its anterior and posterior branches are demonstrated. Medial branch of the posterior ramus…

Fig. 42.1 (Upper) Anteroposterior X-ray of a 75-year-old female patient. Right trochanteric fracture was recognized on radiological findings. (Lower) Surgical treatment with intramedullary nail was undertaken successfully A 75-year-old female…

Fig. 38.1 Implant failure due to exogenous osteomyelitis after femur fracture treatment with plate After removal of all implants and proper debridement, a unilateral external fixator was applied to the…