Brachymetatarsia
Brachymetatarsia Michelle L. Butterworth Dennis E. Martin Brachymetatarsia, a shortened metatarsal, is characterized by premature closure of the growth plate (1,2). The exact cause of this early epiphyseal closure of…
Macrodactyly
Macrodactyly Thomas A. Brosky II ETIOLOGY Macrodactyly is a rare and uncertain congenital deformity of the hands and feet. The condition may occur unilaterally or bilaterally, and syndactyly can be…
Polydactyly
Polydactyly Annette D. Filiatrault Polydactyly is a common congenital deformity defined as an excess of five digits in humans. It has racial and geographic predilections and may occur as an…
Ankle Equinus
Ankle Equinus Michael S. Downey Jaclyn M. Schwartz Equinus deformity of the ankle has been classically described as a limitation of passive ankle joint dorsiflexion to less than a right…
Amputations
Amputations Robert P. Taylor James L. Bouchard Linnie V. Rabjohn Lower extremity amputation (LEA) is one of the oldest known surgical procedures. Hippocrates wrote and described amputation surgical principles in…
General Entrapment Syndromes
General Entrapment Syndromes D. Scot Malay E. Dalton McGlamry Marija Ugrinich Acquired neuropathies in the lower extremities are common, and all nerves in the foot, ankle, and leg are susceptible…
Complex Regional Pain Syndromes and Related Disorders
Complex Regional Pain Syndromes and Related Disorders Jeffrey C. Christensen Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a term designated to encompass the terms reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) and causalgia (1,2…
Triple Arthrodesis
Triple Arthrodesis John A. Ruch Lopa Dalmia Patrick B. Hall The triple arthrodesis performed today is a variation of the procedure described by Ryerson in 1923 (1). Modifications have evolved…
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease
Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease Robert M. Goecker Alan S. Banks Michael S. Downey Richard J. Zirm Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a relatively common inherited familial neuromuscular defect that affects the peripheral nervous…
Evaluation and Management of the Diabetic Foot Wound
Evaluation and Management of the Diabetic Foot Wound John S. Steinberg Paul J. Kim New technologies and evidence-based understanding have led to significant advances in the assessment and management of…
