Relapsing Polychondritis
104 Relapsing Polychondritis Gaye Cunnane Key Points Relapsing polychondritis is a rare disorder that classically affects the cartilaginous structures of the ears and nose, resulting in “cauliflower ear” and “saddle…
Proliferative Bone Diseases
102 Proliferative Bone Diseases Reuven Mader Key Points Diffuse idiopathic skeletal hyperostosis (DISH) is usually defined by the presence of large flowing osteophytes connecting at least four vertebrae, typically in…
Mycobacterial Infections of Bones and Joints
111 Mycobacterial Infections of Bones and Joints Eric M. Ruderman, John P. Flaherty Key Points Global rates of tuberculosis disease have increased due to the expanding human immunodeficiency virus pandemic…
Sarcoidosis
117 Sarcoidosis Nadera J. Sweiss, Robert P. Baughman Key Points Sarcoidosis is a heterogeneous multisystem inflammatory disease of unknown cause characterized by the development and accumulation of noncaseating granulomata in…
Fungal Infections of Bones and Joints
112 Fungal Infections of Bones and Joints Eric M. Ruderman, John P. Flaherty Key Points Fungi are an infrequent but clinically important cause of bone and joint infections. These infections…
Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Dermatomyositis, Scleroderma, and Vasculitis
108 Pediatric Systemic Lupus Erythematosus, Dermatomyositis, Scleroderma, and Vasculitis Ronald M. Laxer, Susanne M. Benseler Key Points Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) accounts for 11% of patients referred to pediatric…
Sjögren’s Syndrome
73 Sjögren’s Syndrome E. William St. Clair Key Points Sjögren’s syndrome is divided into primary and secondary forms. The primary form occurs in approximately 0.1% to 0.6% of the general…
Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis
98 Pathogenesis of Osteoarthritis Paul E. Di Cesare, Dominik R. Haudenschild, Jonathan Samuels, Steven B. Abramson Key Points Osteoarthritis is a degenerative joint disease, occurring primarily in older individuals, characterized…
Anticytokine Therapies
63 Anticytokine Therapies Zuhre Tutuncu, Arthur Kavanaugh Key Points Inhibition of a single key cytokine can be effective in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Most patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) respond…
