CHAPTER 82 Vertebral Artery Injuries Associated with Cervical Spine Trauma Adam L. Shimer, MD, Alexander R. Vaccaro, MD, PhD Vertebral artery injury (VAI) due to blunt cervical trauma is often…
CHAPTER 59 Posterolateral Endoscopic Lumbar Discectomy Christopher A. Yeung, MD, Anthony T. Yeung, MD Posterolateral endoscopic lumbar surgery is a less invasive surgical procedure to address lumbar pathology in the…
CHAPTER 50 Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion Alan S. Hilibrand, MD, Harvey E. Smith, MD The intervertebral disc space is an environment that is conducive to fusion because of the advantageous…
CHAPTER 67 Principles of Bone Fusion Krzysztof B. Siemionow, MD, George F. Muschler, MD Spinal fusion may be defined as a bony union between two vertebral bodies following surgical manipulation….
CHAPTER 105 Pharmacologic Strategies in Back Pain and Radiculopathy Lokesh B. Ningegowda, MD, Nagy A. Mekhail, MD, PhD Back pain is a major health problem in the United States. About…
CHAPTER 102 Arachnoiditis and Epidural Fibrosis Robert F. Heary, MD, Antonios Mammis, MD Spinal arachnoiditis is a nonspecific inflammatory process of the arachnoid layer of the spinal cord or cauda…
CHAPTER 36 Cervical Spondylosis Pathophysiology, Natural History, and Clinical Syndromes of Neck Pain, Radiculopathy, and Myelopathy Sara Jurek, MD, Raj D. Rao, MD Degenerative changes at the cervical discs and…
CHAPTER 53 Posterior Dynamic Stabilization* Dilip K. Sengupta, MD, PhD, MCh (Orth), Dr Med Degenerative disorders in the lumbar spine can lead to an abnormal pattern of motion causing segmental…
CHAPTER 95 Spinal Dural Injuries Peter G. Campbell, MD, Amgad Hanna, MD, James S. Harrop, MD Spinal thecal sac or dural disruption may result in subsequent cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) drainage…
CHAPTER13 The Electrodiagnostic Examination Jinny Tavee, MD, Kerry H. Levin, MD The electrodiagnostic examination comprises two parts: nerve conduction studies (NCS) and needle electrode examination (NEE). Together, they assess the…
