Musculoskeletal Key

10 Facet Fractures Ryan R. Janicki, Marcel F. Dvorak, and James S. Harrop Facet fractures account for ~ 7% of all cervical spine fractures. Ninety percent of injuries occur at…

18 Cervical Radiculopathy Gregory Gebauer and D. Greg Anderson Cervical disk degeneration is a normal part of aging and is found in ~ 85% of individuals by the seventh decade…

1 Occipito-Atlantal Injuries Andrew J. Schoenfeld and Christopher M. Bono Injuries at the occipito-atlantal (OA) junction exist on a spectrum, from simple posterior ligamentous strain to fracture of the occipital…

14 Thoracolumbar Fracture Dislocations Moshe Yanko and Steven C. Ludwig The thoracolumbar spine is a complex morphological structure that provides a challenging task regarding the evaluation and management of a…

12 Thoracolumbar Burst Fractures George M. Ghobrial, Alexander R. Vaccaro, and James S. Harrop Thoracolumbar junctional burst fractures include spinal injuries between the T11 and L2 vertebral levels that result…

9 Cervicothoracic Fractures and Dislocations Norman B. Chutkan and Jonathan A. Tuttle Fractures of the cervicothoracic junction account for 9% of all cervical fractures. These injuries can frequently be missed…

3 Atlanto-Axial Instability Andrew J. Schoenfeld and Christopher M. Bono The atlanto-axial (AA) junction is one of the most mobile joints in the entire spine, accounting for ~ 50% of…

7 Cervical Distraction-Extension Injuries Amirali Sayadipour and D. Greg Anderson Cervical distraction-extension injuries (CDEIs) are responsible for 5–22% of all structurally significant traumas to the subaxial cervical spine. Surprisingly, there…

4 Odontoid Fractures Harvey E. Smith, Raymond W. Hwang, Jeremy S. Smith, and Alexander R. Vaccaro Odontoid fractures are the most common cervical spine fracture in the elderly, and their…

2 C1 Ring Fractures Gregory Gebauer, Michael A. Pahl, Chadi A. Tannoury, and D. Greg Anderson Fractures of the C1 vertebra, or atlas, make up 2–13% of all spine fractures…