Ankle Fractures Rena L. Stewart Jason A. Lowe INTRODUCTION Ankle fractures are among the most common musculoskeletal injuries. These injuries span a spectrum from simple closed fractures to complex open…

Sacral Fractures Jodi Siegel Paul Tornetta III INTRODUCTION Sacral fractures most commonly occur in association with a pelvic-ring disruption that can occur from high- and low-energy trauma. Most sacral fractures…

Distal Femur Fractures: Open Reduction and Internal Fixation Brett D. Crist Mark A. Lee INTRODUCTION The treatment of distal femur fractures is challenging due to disruption of the joint surface,…

Extra-Articular Proximal Tibial Fractures: Submuscular Locked Plating Mark A. Lee Brad Yoo INTRODUCTION Extra-articular fractures of the proximal tibial metadiaphyseal region are uncommon injuries and are typically extensions of tibial…

Calcaneal Fractures: Open Reduction Internal Fixation Michael P. Clare Roy W. Sanders INTRODUCTION Fractures of the calcaneus are among the most challenging fractures for the orthopedic surgeon to effectively manage….

Periprosthetic Fractures: Evaluation and Management Guy D. Paiement INTRODUCTION Periprosthetic fractures are increasing in frequency as the numbers of patients with hip and knee arthritis undergo total joint arthroplasty and…

Knee Dislocations James P. Stannard INTRODUCTION Dislocation of the knee is a relatively rare injury and occurs more commonly following high-energy trauma than with athletic events. Knee dislocations are challenging…

Diastasis of the Symphysis Pubis: Open Reduction Internal Fixation David C. Templeman Matthew D. Karam INTRODUCTION Diastasis of the pubic symphysis is often part of a complex injury to the…

Tarsometatarsal Lisfranc Injuries: Evaluation and Management Bruce J. Sangeorzan Kyle F. Chun Stephen K. Benirschke Benjamin W. Stevens INTRODUCTION Injuries to the tarsometatarsal (TMT) joint complex, also known as the…

Femur Fractures: Antegrade Intramedullary Nailing Christopher G. Finkemeier Rafael Neiman Frederick Tonnos INTRODUCTION Diaphyseal femur fractures are classified according to the AO/OTA classification (Fig. 22.1). The diaphysis is defined as…