Chlamydial Infections
Chlamydial Infections Margaret R. Hammerschlag Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria that are ubiquitous in nature. Members of the genus possess both DNA and RNA, divide by binary fission, contain their…
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Infections
Mycoplasma and Ureaplasma Infections W. Paul Glezen Mycoplasmas are classified as bacteria, but they are unique because they lack a rigid cell wall. For this reason, their morphology depends on…
Osteoarthritis of the Spine
Osteoarthritis of the Spine Sanford E. Emery Vytautas M. Ringus Cervical Spine Pathoanatomy Osteoarthritis (OA) of the cervical spine is primarily a result of aging changes related to disk degeneration.1,2…
New Frontiers in Surgery of Osteoarthritis
New Frontiers in Surgery of Osteoarthritis Tom Minas Andreas H. Gomoll Introduction Since Hunter’s famous statement over 250 years ago describing cartilage as a “troublesome thing and once destroyed, it…
Lower Extremity Considerations: Foot and Ankle
Lower Extremity Considerations: Foot and Ankle James Michelson Overview of Osteoarthritis in the Foot and Ankle Normal Biomechanics The entire complex of the foot and ankle encompasses 30 bones having…
Lower Extremity Considerations: Knee
Lower Extremity Considerations: Knee Brian J. Cole Richard Berger Victor M. Goldberg Aaron Rosenberg Osteoarthritis of the Knee Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a disease with profound physical and…
Lower Extremity Considerations: Hip
Lower Extremity Considerations: Hip Michael N. Kang Daniel J. Berry William J. Maloney III Introduction There has been much debate whether OA of the hip is a primary or secondary…
Upper Extremity Considerations: Hand, Wrist, and Elbow
Upper Extremity Considerations: Hand, Wrist, and Elbow Roderick J. Bruno Jason M. McKean Steven H. Goldberg Robert J. Strauch Melvin P. Rosenwasser It has been estimated that by the year…
Upper Extremity Considerations: Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder
Upper Extremity Considerations: Osteoarthritis of the Shoulder Sara L. Edwards John-Erik Bell William N. Levine Louis U. Bigliani Glenohumeral Joint The glenohumeral joint is a synovial joint comprised of the…
General Considerations, Indications, and Outcomes
General Considerations, Indications, and Outcomes Victor M. Goldberg Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of joint disease and is the second leading cause of disability in persons older than…
