Peptic Ulcer Disease
Peptic Ulcer Disease Kathleen J. Motil Peptic ulcer disease (PUD) is an ulcerative condition of the stomach or duodenum that may be accompanied by mucosal inflammation. PUD is classified as…
Gastrointestinal Bleeding
Gastrointestinal Bleeding Marilyn R. Brown Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding in children is a common and occasionally life-threatening occurrence. The physician first determines if the child has bled. If the child has…
Inguinal Hernia
Inguinal Hernia Charles N. Paidas Mark L. Kayton Groin bulges, some of which represent inguinal hernias, are a common reason for visits to primary care physicians and emergency rooms and…
Chronic Nonspecific Diarrhea of Childhood
Chronic Nonspecific Diarrhea of Childhood William J. Klish Chronic nonspecific diarrhea of childhood (also called protracted diarrhea or irritable bowel syndrome) is a common and often frustrating problem seen in…
Functional Constipation and Encopresis
Functional Constipation and Encopresis William J. Klish Chronic constipation is a common complaint in children. It accounts for 3% of office visits to a primary care physician and 20% to…
Normal Gastrointestinal Function
Normal Gastrointestinal Function Mark A. Gilger The gastrointestinal (GI) tract has many functions—digestion, absorption, and secretion, as well as endocrine and immunologic functions. This system can be thought of as…
Urolithiasis
Urolithiasis Arundhati S. Kale L. Leighton Hill Marked variation exists in the incidence of urinary tract stones in children worldwide. In some countries, such as Turkey and Thailand, urolithiasis is…
Renal Vascular Thrombosis
Renal Vascular Thrombosis Stuart L. Goldstein L. Leighton Hill Renal vascular thrombosis is a rare condition in children that affects primarily neonates or children with a few select underlying conditions,…
Renal Hypertension
Renal Hypertension Daniel I. Feig Stuart L. Goldstein L. Leighton Hill An abnormal activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a significant cause of hypertension in children. Intrinsic renovascular hypertension…
Bartter Syndrome
Bartter Syndrome Myra L. Chiang Hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies comprise a set of clinically and genetically distinct inherited renal disorders previously summarized under the designation Bartter syndrome (BS). Recent identification of…
