53 Surgical Treatment of the Osteopenic Patient Safdar N. Khan and Frank M. Phillips Within the next decade, spine surgeons will encounter an increasing number of patients with osteopenia/osteoporosis requiring…
42 Scheuermann Disease Haim D. Blecher Kyphotic deformities of the spinal column may result in overall sagittal imbalance and in turn may cause pain, affect gait, and affect neural structures…
29 Lumbar Radiculopathy Matthew J. Goldstein and Jeff S. Silber The intervertebral disk (IVD) acts as a shock absorber between the bony vertebrae and makes up 25% of the total…
36 Congenital Scoliosis John P. Lubicky Congenital scoliosis is a spinal deformity caused by incompletely formed or incompletely segmented vertebrae and has as its essential characteristic asymmetric growth. Other associated…
43 Post-Traumatic Thoracolumbar Kyphosis David M. Neils, Arnima Bhasin, Daniel R. Fassett, and Jeff S. Silber Trauma to the spinal column, with or without injury to the spinal cord, has…
20 Cervical Myelopathy: Posterior Approach Andrew K. Simpson, Stewart Kerr, and Andrew P. White Cervical spondylotic myelopathy is the most common cause of spinal cord dysfunction in older individuals. The…
55 Minimally Invasive Anterior Cervical Approaches Gregory Gebauer and D. Greg Anderson Although the traditional anterior Smith-Robinson approach to cervical disk pathology fulfills many of the goals of a less-invasive…
70 Bone Graft Substitutes/Biologics Alex Gitelman, Rahul Basho, Brandon J. Rebholz, Beck D. McAllister, and Jeffrey C. Wang Bone grafts have been used in orthopedic surgery since the 1800s. Early…
31 Lumbar Degenerative Spondylolisthesis Vincent J. Devlin and Matthew R. Eager Lumbar degenerative spondylolisthesis is defined as the anterior subluxation of one vertebra relative to the adjacent inferior vertebra in…
