Paediatric Femoral Fractures
Figure 6.1 Skeletal traction with distal femoral traction pin Immediate hip spica casting. Delayed hip spica casting after 10–14 days. Deciding on the type of fixation also varies with age….
Assessment of Femoral Geometric Strength in Osteoporosis Using Hip Structure Analysis
Fig. 4.1 Limitations of areal bone mineral density. One of the limitations of areal bone mineral density is not presented bone structure. DXA scanner generates a 2D projection image of…
The Geometry of Lower Extremity and Atypical Femoral Fractures
Major featuresb Located anywhere along the femur from just distal to the lesser trochanter to just proximal to the supracondylar flare Associated with no trauma or minimal trauma, as in…
Sarcopenia and Osteoporosis
Fig. 8.1 Causes of need for long-term care. The proportions of the top four causes in the Ministry National Livelihood Survey for 2011. The proportion of persons for whom care…
Back Extensor Strengthening Exercise and Osteoporosis
Fig. 12.1 Classification of spinal deformities (Modified from Itoi E.[24] with permission) 12.1.6 Kyphosis and Back Extensor Strength Spinal column is supported and moved with four major muscle groups including…
Collagen Cross-Links as a Determinant of Bone Quality
Fig. 3.1 Roles of collagen enzymatic and nonenzymatic AGEs cross-links. The strength of collagen fibers, aggregation of collagen molecules, is determined by collagen cross-links, which bond adjacent molecules. In an…
Applications of Teriparatide for Fracture Repair and Osteosynthetic Surgery in Osteoporosis
Fig. 10.1 Schema of surgical procedure of cancellous bone osteotomy. Complete midsagittal osteotomy from the knee joint surface (small arrow) to the tibial diaphysis was performed using an electrically powered…
Exercise and Fall Prevention
Fig. 11.1 Effect of one-leg standing exercise among older women. A one-leg standing exercise (balance exercise: performed for 1 min, 3 sets per day for 6 months) increased the one-leg standing time…
Skeletal Adaptation to Mechanical Strain: A Key Role in Osteoporosis
Fig. 1.1 The mouse noninvasive tibia axial loading model. (a) Overview of the experimental design. (b) Loading-related osteogenesis labeled by calcein green on the first day of loading and alizarin…
Osteoclast-Mediated Pain in Osteoporosis
Fig. 2.1 The mechanism of induction for cancer-induced bone pain. The acidic microenvironment created by activated osteoclast-stimulated nocicepotors, which results in skeletal pain as the mechanism observed for cancer-induced bone…
