Clinical Anatomy of Cauda Equina and Lumbosacral Nerve Root
Fig. 2.1 L2, L3 and L4 spinal roots’ contribution to femoral nerves Fig. 2.2 Component of femoral nerves—L2, L3 and L4 spinal roots 2.2.1 Anatomical Study of Knee Jerk Reflex…
Pathological Changes in the Detrusor After Spinal Cord Injury
Group Bladder weight (g) Sectional area of muscle fibers (μm2) Percentage of connective tissue (%) α-SMA activity (IOD) A 0.138 ± 0.019 7,265.86 ± 114.36 12.08 ± 1.45 0.96 ± 0.03 B 0.286 ± 0.025 5,156.31 ± 310.42 18.47 ± 1.32 0.85 ± 0.10 C 0.362 ± 0.018…
Reconstruction of Bladder Innervation Below the Level of Spinal Cord Injury for Inducing Urination by Achilles Tendon-to-Bladder Reflex Contractions
Fig. 7.1 Illustration of the tendon-spinal cord-bladder artificial reflex arc in canines 7.2.2.2 Electrophysiologic Examination The dogs were examined under anesthesia at the set postoperative times (6 months and 18…
Reconstruction of Bladder Innervation Above the Level of Spinal Cord Injury for Inducing Urination by Abdomen-to-Bladder Reflex Contractions
Fig. 8.1 Creation of microsurgical anastomoses between the T10 and S2 ventral roots The patients were moved to rehabilitation clinics 2 weeks after surgery. Patient follow-up was scheduled 6, 12,…
Selective Sacral Rhizotomy: Introducing a Simple Intraoperative Manometric Method
Fig. 6.1 Schematic diagram of selective sacral rhizotomy (a) group A; (b) group B; (c) group C; (d) group D 6.2.2.2 Operation Procedure Proceed with intravenous anesthesia with 25 mg/kg…
An Overview of Traumatic Spinal Cord Injury
Country Author(s) of published data Observation period Prevalence per million population Australia O’Connor [2] 1997 681 Finland (Helsinki) Dahlberg [3] 1999 280 Norway (Hordaland and Sogn og Flordane) Hagen [4]…
Classification of and Treatment Principles for Bladder Dysfunction Caused by Spinal Cord Injury
N Bladder capacity (ml) Bladder pressure (KPa) Urethral pressure (KPa) Residual volume (ml) Urine culture (+) Urine return Urinary tract infection Renal damage A 6 300 ± 100 7 ± 2 6 ± 1 40 ± 10 0…
Imaging of Athletic Groin Pain
Fig. 8.1 Normal anterior pelvic anatomy: standard MRI planes. (a) Coronal T1-weighted image through anterior pelvis. The rectus abdominis insertion (arrows) forms “mustache” along inferior margin of pubic bones (P)….
Hip Pathology That Can Cause Groin Pain in Athletes: Diagnosis and Management
Fig. 4.1 The ball-and-socket hip joint is comprised of the femoral head (ball) and acetabulum (socket). The articular surface is lined with hyaline cartilage. The fibrocartilaginous labrum runs circumferentially around…
The Role of the Team Physician and Athletic Trainer, Including Non-operative Management
Fig. 9.1 Example of upper crossed syndrome (artist rendition) Fig. 9.2 Example of lower crossed syndrome (artist rendition) Forward head position Kyphotic shoulders Tight pectoralis major Tight upper trapezius Tight…
