Glenohumeral instability is a common cause of shoulder disability. A wide spectrum of causes and presentations can make diagnosing subtle instability very difficult. This article describes clinical evaluation of the…
Advances in medical and surgical care over the past 20 years have resulted in children who formerly would have died at birth or infancy now surviving well into adulthood, many…
Clinical decision making for the management of foot deformities in children with cerebral palsy is based on the collection and integration of data from 5 sources: the clinical history, physical…
Individuals with cerebral palsy (CP) cannot take a normal activity like walking for granted. CP is the most common pediatric neurologic disorder, with an incidence of 3.6 per 1000 live…
An understanding of the three-dimensional components of spinal deformity in children with cerebral palsy is necessary to recommend treatments that will positively affect these patients’ quality of life. Management of…
Functional activities of the upper extremity are limited in most individuals with a diagnosis of cerebral palsy (CP). However, surgical interventions are applied in less than 20% of pediatric patients with…
Cerebral palsy is the most common motor disability in childhood. Orthopedic care depends on the appreciation and the identification of muscle tone abnormalities and how they affect growth and development…
This article discusses the sagittal gait patterns in children with spastic diplegia, with an emphasis on the knee, as well as the concept of the “dose” of surgery that is…
Hip abnormalities affect most children with cerebral palsy. Dedicated surveillance programs have been shown to be effective means of identifying hips at risk and preventing pathologic dislocation. Patients who are…
This article describes the balanced combination of medical history, detailed physical examination, functional assessment, imaging, observational gait analysis, computerized gait analysis, and assessment of patient and family goals that are…
