Congenital Coxa Vara
Figure 9.1 A diagram demonstrating the parameters for measuring the extent of the deformity in the proximal femur: (a) The neck shaft angle, i.e. the angle between the shaft and…
The Limping Child
Age Common conditions 0–5 Transient synovitis Septic arthritis Osteomyelitis Discitis DDH Toddler’s fracture Non-accidental injury 5–10 Transient synovitis Septic arthritis Osteomyelitis Discitis Perthes’ disease 10–15 SCFE Septic arthritis Osteomyelitis Spondylolysis…
Paediatric Upper Limb Fractures – Shoulder to Elbow
2.1.1.3 Fracture Classification Allman, in 1967, classified clavicle fractures into three groups based upon anatomical location. Groups I and III were further subdivided by Craig and Neer but the initial…
Fractures of the Foot
Accessory bone Prevalence (%) Clinical significance Differential diagnosis Os trigonum 1–25 Synchondrotic degeneration or tear Posterior ankle impingement syndrome Flexor hallucis longus tendon entrapment Shepherd’s fracture Cedell’s fracture Pseudoarthrosis Accessory…
Ankle Injuries
Figure 9.1 Diagram showing the ligaments around the ankle The distal tibial ossification centre appears between 6 and 24 months of age and the distal fibular ossific centre around 9–24…
Paediatric Upper Limb Fractures – Forearm to Hand
Figure 3.1 Plain radiograph of olecranon fracture 3.1.3.2 Treatment and Indications for Surgery The majority (80%) of fractures are undisplaced and can be managed with a plaster cast alone. The…
Non-accidental Injury
Skull Anterior posterior (AP), lateral, and Towne’s view (the latter if clinically indicated) Skull radiographs should be taken with the skeletal survey even if a CT scan has been or…
The Paediatric Hip and Pelvis
Figure 5.1 An X-ray showing an avulsion fracture of the right anterior superior iliac spine Tile and Pennal A. Stable fractures. A1. Avulsion fractures. A2. Undisplaced pelvic…
Fractures of the Spine in Children
Child Adult Multiple level INJ Less common Common Structure injured Ligaments/soft tissues Bone Upper C-spine (%) 70 15 Spinal cord INJ (%) 10 30 SCIWORA (% of SCI) 16…
Trauma of the Knee
Figure 7.1 Radiographs of a distal femoral physeal injury and fixation using two parallel screws A long leg cast should be applied for 4–6 weeks. 7.1.1.6 Follow-Up K-wire pin sites…
