Foot and Ankle
Figure 11.1 Metatarsus adductus. Note the adducted hallux and forefoot and the slightly valgus hindfoot (Reproduced from Benson et al. Children’s Orthopaedics and Fractures, 2009, Springer) The forefoot is adducted…
Paediatric Musculoskeletal Tumours
Tissue type Benign Malignant Bone Osteoid osteoma Osteosarcoma Osteoblastoma Ewing sarcoma Osteochondroma Cartilage Enchondroma Chondrosarcoma Chondromyxoid fibroma Fibrous tissue Fibrous cortical defect Fibrosarcoma Fibrous dysplasia Fibrocartilaginous dysplasia of the tibia …
Normal Variants and Self-Limiting Conditions
(1) Paediatric and Young Adult Orthopaedic Unit, The Royal London and Barts and The London Children’s Hospitals, Barts Health, London, UK KeywordsAsymmetryFeetHipJointPositionFemur Introduction Many children who are brought to…
Paediatric Upper Limb
Figure 4.1 (a) Clinic photograph of a pseudarthrosis of a clavicle. Notice the prominent lump on the right hand side. (b) Radiograph of the same patient. Notice the prominent sternal…
Legg-Calvé-Perthes’ Disease
Initial stage Resorption stage Reparative stage Articular cartilage Necrosis in deep layer Cessation of endochondral ossification Separation from underlying subchondral bone Vascular invasion New accessory ossification Irregularly hypertrophied articular…
Paediatric Spine
Figure 5.1 Lateral radiographs of a high grade spondylolisthesis, both pre and post-op Spondylolysis – A defect in the pars interarticularis (the area of bone between the superior and inferior…
Skeletal Dysplasia
Site Effect Epiphyseal Joint pathologies Short stature Metaphyseal, diaphyseal Short, deformed long bones Spondylodysplasis Cervical instability Kyphoscoliosis Descriptions can be based on the specific site of limb shortening (see Fig….
Neuromuscular Conditions of Childhood
(1) Paediatric and Young Adult Orthopaedic Unit, The Royal London and Barts and The London Children’s Hospitals, Barts Health, London, UK Introduction This chapter covers those conditions in which…
Lower Limb Alignment and Leg Length Discrepancy
Figure 13.1 Bryant’s triangle (a) helps differentiate between supra- and infratrochanteric shortening of the femur. A line is drawn from the ASIS (A) to the tip of the greater trochanter…
Musculoskeletal Infections
Figure 15.1 Open ended hair-pin arrangement of metaphyseal blood vessels adjacent to the physis with transphyseal vessels crossing across into the epiphysis. This arrangement predisposes infants to septic arthritis and…
