Approach to the Medial Side of the Ankle
Approach to the Medial Side of the Ankle The medial approach exposes the medial side of the ankle joint.1 Its uses include the following: Arthrodesis of the ankle Excision or…
Anterior and Posterior Approaches to the Medial Malleolus
Anterior and Posterior Approaches to the Medial Malleolus The anterior and posterior approaches are used mainly for open reduction and internal fixation of fractures of the medial malleolus.1 The approaches…
Athletes Using Performance Enhancers
Athletes Using Performance Enhancers Lee A. Mancini INTRODUCTION In 1987 a poll of Olympic-level power athletes offered the following scenario: the athletes were offered a banned substance with two guarantees—you…
Pediatric Athlete
Pediatric Athlete Joseph Bernard INTRODUCTION Youth participation in organized sports has grown dramatically over the past couple of decades. The health care provider caring for the younger athletes should be…
Mature Athlete
Mature Athlete Gregory Czarnecki Jake D. Veigel INTRODUCTION The benefits of routine exercise can be realized throughout the spectrum of one’s life. Many physiologic changes once attributed to “old age”…
Athlete with Peripheral Nerve Injuries
Athlete with Peripheral Nerve Injuries Faren H. Williams INTRODUCTION Peripheral nerve injuries in athletes may serve as a diagnostic challenge for the treating clinician. They may present as acute injuries…
Athlete with Stress Fracture
Athlete with Stress Fracture Katherine M. Riggert INTRODUCTION Stress fractures are common injuries that occur in both competitive and recreational athletes. Although the majority of stress fractures are diagnosed in…
Athlete with Acute Foot and Ankle Injuries
Athlete with Acute Foot and Ankle Injuries Daniel Osuch Nicola DeAngelis INTRODUCTION The ankle is a complex joint composed of three bones, stabilized by several ligaments, and traversed by a…
Athlete with Overuse Foot and Ankle Injuries
Athlete with Overuse Foot and Ankle Injuries Jeremy McCormick INTRODUCTION With increasing participation in athletics, foot and ankle injuries are becoming more prevalent. While many injuries occur with an acute…
Athlete with Knee Pain
Athlete with Knee Pain Carolyn Saluti INTRODUCTION Running is an excellent activity to keep a person healthy. Many people choose to run because of its convenience and affordability. It has…
