PANIC DISORDER
CHARACTERISTICS OF PANIC ATTACKS Panic attacks are defined as rapid occurrences of anxiety or rapid escalations in current anxiety in which there are at least 4 of 13 somatic or…
OBSESSIVE-COMPULSIVE DISORDER
PREVALENCE OF OBSESSIONS AND COMPULSIONS Obsessions and compulsions occur as normal phenomena, differentiated from their OCD counterparts by the distress or disruption they cause. Normal obsessions occur in 80–88 per…
HYPOCHONDRIASIS: HEALTH ANXIETY
A COGNITIVE MODEL OF HYPOCHONDRIASIS The main tenant of the cognitive model is that the disorder results from, and is maintained by, the misinterpretation of normal bodily signs and symptoms…
COGNITIVE THEORY AND MODELS OF ANXIETY: AN INTRODUCTION
COGNITIVE THEORY OF ANXIETY DISORDERS In anxiety disorder the disturbance in information processing which underlies anxiety vulnerability and anxiety maintenance can be viewed as a preoccupation with or ‘fixation’ on…
COGNITIVE THERAPY: BASIC CHARACTERISTICS
COGNITIVE TECHNIQUES Cognitive therapy is concerned with identifying negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional appraisals, with the aid of recall, affect shifts, role plays, imagery induction, exposure tasks, diaries, and questionnaires….
The Ankle and Foot
Approaches to the structures of the ankle and foot usually are straightforward; the bones and joints that are explored commonly are superficial, if not subcutaneous. Apart from technical problems associated…
The Wrist and Hand
Seven approaches to the wrist and hand are described in this chapter: three to the wrist and two each to the flexor tendons and scaphoid. The dorsal approach to the…
