Musculoskeletal Key

Lisfranc Injuries George F. Wallace Lisfranc injuries are relatively uncommon, yet missed upward of 20% of the time (1). The incidence has been reported to be 1 per 55,000 and…

Neglected Calcaneal Fractures George T. Liu Calcaneal fractures represent 2% of all fractures of the body and 60% of all tarsal bone fractures of the lower extremity (1,2). These fractures…

Calcaneal Fractures Meagan M. Jennings John M. Schuberth Calcaneal fractures account for about 2% of fractures and 60% of major tarsal injuries (1). Falls from a height account for 75%…

Fibular Lengthening Byron L. Hutchinson Major advances in the understanding and treatment of the ankle during the past 30 years have improved prognosis after ankle fracture (1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14 and 15). Prior…

Pilon Fractures George S. Gumann Justin J. Fleming The opinions of the authors are their private views and are not to be considered as representative of official policy of the…

Midfoot Fractures Travis A. Motley Brian B. Carpenter The navicular, cuboid, and cuneiform bones make up the midfoot. The midfoot has been described in several ways for understanding injury patterns…

Metatarsal Fractures Michael S. Lee Linda Ho Fractures of the metatarsals are frequently encountered injuries. They account for up to 55% of all foot fractures and may represent nearly 7%…

Dislocations of the Foot and Ankle Graham A. Hamilton Lawrence A. Ford Johanna-Marie Richey Joint dislocations represent an injury that results in the loss of integrity of the anatomic structures…

Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) Joint Dislocation Lawrence A. DiDomenico Dawn Y. Stein Fracture dislocations of the tarsal-metatarsal (Lisfranc injuries) can be subtle and may be missed in both initial and later evaluation…

Digital and Sesamoid Fractures Michael S. Downey Gretchen A. Lawrence Digital and sesamoid fractures are common injuries affecting patients in all age groups and activity levels, including those who are…