Musculoskeletal Key

Nails Gary L. Dockery The toenail is a specialized keratinized appendage with a primary function of protection for the distal phalanx. It is capable of only a limited number of…

Callus Distraction Principles and Indications Dennis E. Martin The technique of callus distraction has been employed since the early 1900s, but it has only been recently that the methodology has…

Proximal Procedures of the First Ray PART 1 Osteotomies of the First Metatarsal Base Robb A. Mothershed Metatarsus primus adductus, or an increase of the first intermetatarsal angle, has long…

Surgical Procedures of the Hallux Albert E. Burns HALLUX OSTEOTOMIES Osteotomy of the hallux for the correction of hallux abducto valgus was first proposed by Akin in 1925 (1). The…

Trauma to the Nail and Associated Structures Scot D. Malay Injuries involving the pedal nail bed and associated structures are common. Acute toenail injuries are most frequently caused by dropping…

Distal Metaphyseal Osteotomies in Hallux Abducto Valgus Surgery Thomas J. Chang As early as 1881, Reverdin introduced the concept of addressing hallux abducto valgus deformity at the level of the…

Digital and Sesamoid Fractures Michael S. Downey Stephanie Comer Merritt Carolyn J. Sharrock-Maher Marc R. Bernbach Digital and sesamoid fractures are common injuries affecting all age groups, even those patients…

Arthrodesis of the First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Gerard V. Yu Jeffrey E. Shook Procedures designed to treat disorders involving the first metatarsophalangeal joint may be categorized as soft tissue or muscle-tendon…

Implants John V. Vanore Joint implant arthroplasty may be used to correct deformity, to restore motion, or to eliminate pain. Over the last 4 decades, significant advances have been made…

Complications of Hallux Abducto Valgus Surgery Gerard V. Yu Molly Schnirring-Judge Jeffrey E. Shook Surgical correction of hallux abducto valgus and related deformities is commonly performed. Unfortunately, complications of hallux…