Column: Muscles, Aponeurosis, and Fascia

Apr 25, 2020 by in ORTHOPEDIC Comments Off on Column: Muscles, Aponeurosis, and Fascia

Fig. 1 Representations of the muscles of the vertebral column as per Spigelius (1685). Note the attention to detail in the presentation As early as 1685, Stenonis [10] described the…

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Growing Spine

Apr 25, 2020 by in ORTHOPEDIC Comments Off on Growing Spine

Fig. 1 (a) Thoracic vertebra. Transverse section. Fourth month of intrauterine life. The ossification centers are now in place in the future vertebral body and in the posterior arcs. (b)…

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and Functional Evolution of the Aging Spine

Apr 25, 2020 by in ORTHOPEDIC Comments Off on and Functional Evolution of the Aging Spine

Fig. 1 Lumbar disc , sagittal section; early degeneration, dehydrated and unstructured nucleus pulposus It remains difficult, so far, to clearly differentiate aging from pathological disc degeneration. However, it is…

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of the Spine

Apr 25, 2020 by in ORTHOPEDIC Comments Off on of the Spine

Fig. 1 The three axes of the spinal movements The intervertebral joint is therefore an articulation with six degrees of freedom (DOF), three DOF in translation, and three DOF in…

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Spinal Cord

Apr 25, 2020 by in ORTHOPEDIC Comments Off on Spinal Cord

Fig. 1 Organization of the spinal cord in metameric segments. Relationships with vertebrae and spinal nerves It has a cylindrical appearance , slightly flattened from front to back. Its average…

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Spinal Canal

Apr 25, 2020 by in ORTHOPEDIC Comments Off on Spinal Canal

Fig. 1 Central spinal canal (or vertebral foramen) . (a) Sagittal section (b) Superior view. 1. Dorsal longitudinal ligament; 2. Spinolaminar line; 3. Yellow ligament; 4. Intervertebral foramen; 5. Pedicle;…

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Normal and Pathological Spinal Muscle

Apr 25, 2020 by in ORTHOPEDIC Comments Off on Normal and Pathological Spinal Muscle

Fig. 1 The four cervical muscle groups [1] Deep Muscles The deep muscles are pure intrinsic muscles. Longus Colli Longus colli is an anterior intrinsic muscle of the lower cervical…

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of the Spinal Meninges

Apr 25, 2020 by in ORTHOPEDIC Comments Off on of the Spinal Meninges

Fig. 1 Embryo at 27 days post-conception , stage 12, transverse section, hematoxylin and eosin staining. The neural tube is surrounded by a mesenchyme without meningeal differentiation. Courtesy of Pr P….

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Spinal Ligaments

Apr 25, 2020 by in ORTHOPEDIC Comments Off on Spinal Ligaments

Fig. 1 The 3 spinal columns in traumatology according to Denis [1]: (a) Anterior column, (b) Medium column (with posterior annulus), (c) Posterior column Certain ligaments have a protective function…

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