Musculoskeletal Key

Bronchiolitis I. Celine Hanson William T. Shearer Lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children younger than 24 months of age is a common clinical occurrence and, during the past decade,…

Chronic Cough in Children I. Celine Hanson William T. Shearer Chronic cough is a vexing and common problem for children, their caregivers, and health care providers. Effective treatment may be…

Arthropoda Tara D. Miller Moise L. Levy Arthropods are a large and varied group of invertebrate animals with chitinous exoskeletons, jointed appendages, and segmented bodies. They are classified further as…

Schistosomiasis Mark W. Kline Schistosomiasis is a disease of the circulatory system caused principally by three species of trematodes: Schistosoma mansoni, S. haematobium, and S. japonicum. Some 200 to 300…

The Cestodes Thomas Cherian Human cestode infections may be caused either by the adult tapeworms residing in the intestinal lumen or by the larval forms that infect the tissues. Intestinal…

Toxocara Infections B. Keith English Human infection with the larval stage of the common dog roundworm, Toxocara canis, is the principal cause of two distinct clinical syndromes: visceral larva migrans…

The Nematodes Thomas Cherian The phylum Nematoda constitutes one of the six classes included in the phylum Aschelminthes. It is the second largest phylum in the animal kingdom, comprising an…

Toxoplasmosis Ruth Lynfield Folashade Ogunmodede Nicholas G. Guerina Toxoplasma gondii is an obligate intracellular protozoan parasite found in many animal species throughout the world. Nicolle and Manceaux observed the parasites…

Malaria Lawrence M. Barat Snehal N. Shah Each year in the United States, more than 7 million people travel to countries where malaria is endemic, approximately 1,400 persons receive diagnoses…