Developmental Anatomy of the Shoulder
Fig. 2.1 Stage 15 (8.5 mm CRL) embryo transversally sectioned. Hematoxylin-Eosin stained. a (2×) and b (4×) area corresponding to the left upper limb magnified. aa axilary artery, ad anterior…
Posterior Surgical Approaches to the Shoulder
Fig. 38.1 Prone position of the patient. The arm is free and is useful to paint the landmarks on the skin before the incision The landmarks for the incisions are…
Scapular Body
Fig. 7.1 Scapula – anterior (costal) aspect. 1 Trapezoid ligament attachment. 2 Conoid ligament attachment. 3 Acromion process. 4 Suprascapular notch. 5 Omohyoid (inferior belly). 6 Serratus anterior. 7 Subscapularis….
Ultrastructure and Pathoanatomy of the Rotator Cuff
Muscle Mass (g) Muscle length (cm) Lf (cm) Lf/Lm Ls (μm) Sn Pennation angle (°) PCSA (cm2) Supraspinatus 34.0 ± 4.3a 8.5 ± 0.4a 4.50 ± 0.32a 0.53 ± 0.03b 3.23 ± 0.05b,c 16,655 ± 1182a 5.1 ± 0.8a 6.65 ± 0.56a Infraspinatus 78 ± 7.5a 2.1 ± 0.5c,d 6.57 ± 0.33d…
Deltoid Muscle
Fig. 26.1 Three parts of the deltoid . The anterior, middle, and posterior portions of the deltoid converge and run distally to the deltoid tuberosity on the humeral shaft The…
Sternoclavicular Joint Anatomy and Pathology
Fig. 19.1 The bony anatomy of the sternoclavicular joint including the medial clavicle, manubrium, and first rib is depicted. In addition, the sternoclavicular ligament, interclavicular ligament, costoclavicular ligament, and intra-articular…
Comparative Anatomy of the Shoulder
Fig. 1.1 Appendicular skeleton of the earliest tetrapods (rhipidistian, bony fish), where the earlier connection to the skull was lost leading to the formation of the pectoral girdle and an…
Kinematics of Scapular Motion
Fig. 28.1 Dynamic assessment to identify presence of scapular dyskinesis 28.6.3.3 Manual Muscle Testing One test advocated to assess the integrity of the lower trapezius and serratus anterior muscles is…
Glenohumeral CapsuleCapsule and Ligaments
Fig. 10.1 Arthroscopic view of the shoulder ligaments: (a) SGHL within the rotator interval. (b) MGHL as it crosses the subscapularis tendon. (c) AIGHL coursing inferiorly and obliquely More recently,…
