Musculoskeletal Key

Ankle and Subtalar Arthroscopy Jeffrey D. Jackson Richard D. Ferkel Ellis K. Nam 13.1 ANKLE ARTHROSCOPY The first arthroscopic inspection of a cadaveric knee joint was performed by Takagi in…

Foot and Ankle Trauma David B. Thordarson Although foot and ankle injuries are not life threatening, the long-term disability resulting from them is well established. Two studies have compared multiply…

Lesser Toe Deformities and Bunionettes Mark E. Easley Umur Aydogan Lesser toe deformities may occur in isolation or may be associated with other forefoot disorders. Although some lesser toe deformities…

Degenerative Joint Disease of The Ankle and Hindfoot Todd A. Kile Christopher Y. Kweon Degenerative joint diseases include various clinical entities that are all linked by their common pathologic finding:…

Degenerative Joint Disease of The Midfoot and Forefoot Chad B. Carlson Michael E. Brage 11.1 MIDFOOT ARTHRITIS A variety of forms of arthritis affect people of all ages and have…

Tendon Disorders Sheldon S. Lin Eric Breitbart Constantine A. Demetracopoulos Jonathan T. Deland ACUTE ACHILLES TENDON RUPTURE The incidence of acute Achilles tendon rupture has increased over the past 50…

Acute Ankle Sprain, Chronic Ankle Instability, and Subtalar Laxity Gregory C. Berlet G. Alexander Simpson ACUTE ANKLE SPRAINS AND CHRONIC ANKLE INSTABILITY PATHOGENESIS Ankle sprains are the most common sports-associated…

Heel and Subcalcaneal Pain Keith L. Wapner INTRODUCTION Pain about the heel is a common problem presenting to the orthopedic surgeon. Successful treatment depends on a proper identification of the…

Hallux Valgus, Hallux Varus, and Sesamoid Disorders Jeffrey A. Mann INTRODUCTION Hallux valgus deformity refers to a lateral deviation of the great toe at the first metatarsophalangeal (MTP) joint. Although…

The Diabetic Foot David E. Oji Lew C. Schon INTRODUCTION Far from being just a foot problem, the patient with diabetes mellitus requires an integrated multidisciplinary approach to address every…