1.5 Low Back Pain and the Pelvic Floor Paul W. Hodges Introduction All of the muscles of the trunk contribute, at least to some extent, to control of the spine…

1.4 Interdependence of Posture and the Pelvic Floor Beate Carrière What does posture have to do with the pelvic floor? Posture appears to be something external and visible, while the…

Basic Anatomy and Normal Function The digestive tract begins at the mouth, continues through the esophagus, stomach, and small and large intestines, and finally ends at the rectum and anus….

3 Pediatric Therapy Cynthia M. Feldt A 7-year-old boy enters your office with his eyes downcast. He is withdrawn and will not answer your questions. His mother tells you that…

2.6 Training and Functional Barbara Gödl-Purrer Functional Significance of the Pelvic Floor Musculature The muscles of the pelvic floor form the dynamic closure of the abdominal cavity below. They interact…

2.8 Therapy for Lymphedema Mary K. Rosenberg Definition of Lymphedema Lymphedema is a chronic condition, characterized by protein-rich swelling in the interstitium, which can occur anywhere in the body with…

1.8 Evidence-Based Physical Therapy for Stress and Urge Incontinence Kari Bø What Does “Evidence-Based” Mean? During the 1990s, it was strongly emphasized that all sorts of health care ought to…

4.4 Treatment of Sexual and Pelvic Floor Dysfunctions Mieke RaadgersMarjo J RamakersRik H. W. van Lunsen Introduction The pelvic floor is an active sexual organ in women and men, in…

2.3 Connective-Tissue Manipulations Elizabeth A. Holey Basics The pelvis is more than a system of bones, joints, and muscles. Its purpose and function depend on a complex interrelationship between the…

1.2 The Nervous System and Motor Learning Darcy Umphred Introduction Therapists throughout the world are constantly asked to examine, evaluate, and intervene with individuals who present large variations in movement…