Neuromuscular Conditions of Childhood
(1) Paediatric and Young Adult Orthopaedic Unit, The Royal London and Barts and The London Children’s Hospitals, Barts Health, London, UK Introduction This chapter covers those conditions in which…
ORTHOPEDIC
Lower Limb Alignment and Leg Length Discrepancy
Figure 13.1 Bryant’s triangle (a) helps differentiate between supra- and infratrochanteric shortening of the femur. A line is drawn from the ASIS (A) to the tip of the greater trochanter…
Musculoskeletal Infections
Figure 15.1 Open ended hair-pin arrangement of metaphyseal blood vessels adjacent to the physis with transphyseal vessels crossing across into the epiphysis. This arrangement predisposes infants to septic arthritis and…
Congenital Talipes Equinovarus (Clubfoot)
Figure 12.1 Example of an idiopathic clubfoot deformity – this is the same child as Fig. 12.2 Figure 12.2 An antenatal ultrasound scan demonstrating a clubfoot Radiographic analysis can be…
Congenital Coxa Vara
Figure 9.1 A diagram demonstrating the parameters for measuring the extent of the deformity in the proximal femur: (a) The neck shaft angle, i.e. the angle between the shaft and…
The Limping Child
Age Common conditions 0–5 Transient synovitis Septic arthritis Osteomyelitis Discitis DDH Toddler’s fracture Non-accidental injury 5–10 Transient synovitis Septic arthritis Osteomyelitis Discitis Perthes’ disease 10–15 SCFE Septic arthritis Osteomyelitis Spondylolysis…
Paediatric Upper Limb Fractures – Shoulder to Elbow
2.1.1.3 Fracture Classification Allman, in 1967, classified clavicle fractures into three groups based upon anatomical location. Groups I and III were further subdivided by Craig and Neer but the initial…
Fractures of the Foot
Accessory bone Prevalence (%) Clinical significance Differential diagnosis Os trigonum 1–25 Synchondrotic degeneration or tear Posterior ankle impingement syndrome Flexor hallucis longus tendon entrapment Shepherd’s fracture Cedell’s fracture Pseudoarthrosis Accessory…
Ankle Injuries
Figure 9.1 Diagram showing the ligaments around the ankle The distal tibial ossification centre appears between 6 and 24 months of age and the distal fibular ossific centre around 9–24…
Paediatric Upper Limb Fractures – Forearm to Hand
Figure 3.1 Plain radiograph of olecranon fracture 3.1.3.2 Treatment and Indications for Surgery The majority (80%) of fractures are undisplaced and can be managed with a plaster cast alone. The…
