Vessel Vulnerable areas Injury Mechanism Subclavian vein Medial third of clavicle Perforation Drill tearing TOS Callus compression DVT Subclavian artery Junction medial and middle third Pseudoaneurysm Prominent metalware Axillary artery…

  Vangsness (%) Tuoheti (%) Entirely posterior 22 28 Posterior dominant 33 55 Equal 37 17 Entirely anterior 8 0 “Rounded-off” data from Vangsness et al. [58] and Tuoheti et…

Fig. 24.1 (a) An axial non-contrast MR image demonstrates a prominent lateral extension of the coracoid. (b) Intraoperative image showing tearing of the subscapularis tendon in the same patient 24.1.2…

Fig. 20.1 The superior view of the supraspinatus and infraspinatus (right shoulder, the acromion has been removed and reflected to anterior). Both tendons appear to mingle into one structure at…

Fig. 9.1 Left cadaveric shoulder demonstrating the intra-articular ligaments The coracohumeral ligament originates proximally at the dorsolateral aspect of the coracoid as a fibrous brand extending superiorly over the head…

Fig. 30.1 Tendon of pectoralis major at its insertion onto the humerus Fig. 30.2 Gross anatomy of pectoralis major muscle. Note the anterior lamina formed by the clavicular head, and…

Fig. 34.1 Anterior view of shoulder showing the arterial supply; (1) axillary artery , (2) thoracoacromial artery, (3) subscapular artery, (4) ACHA , (5) anterolateral artery travelling superiorly on the…

Fig. 17.1 Left clavicle (inferior view). (a) Attachments of the conoid and trapezoid ligaments. (b) Relative position of the coronoid process. (c) Cadaveric attachment sites Fig. 17.2 Left scapula with…

Fig. 12.1 Fast spine-echo proton density-weighted axial image. The articular cartilage and the labrum are clearly visualized without injecting Gd into the glenohumeral joint on this 3.0-T MRI . The…

Fig. 2.1 Stage 15 (8.5 mm CRL) embryo transversally sectioned. Hematoxylin-Eosin stained. a (2×) and b (4×) area corresponding to the left upper limb magnified. aa axilary artery, ad anterior…