Fig. 42.1 (Upper) Anteroposterior X-ray of a 75-year-old female patient. Right trochanteric fracture was recognized on radiological findings. (Lower) Surgical treatment with intramedullary nail was undertaken successfully A 75-year-old female…

Fig. 38.1 Implant failure due to exogenous osteomyelitis after femur fracture treatment with plate After removal of all implants and proper debridement, a unilateral external fixator was applied to the…

Fig. 17.1 The stages of somitogenesis. Development occurs in a craniocaudal order. The more cranially placed somites (at the lower right of the figure) are further developed than those caudally…

Fig. 26.1 Schematic drawing of the skeletal muscle organization Most of the skeletal muscles are derived from somatic mesoderm. In the embryo, a muscle fiber is formed by the fusion…

Fig. 36.1 The soft tissue mass appearances at the distal part of the forearm Before the diagnosis of primary lesion, a portion of the patients may refer with signs of…

Fig. 25.1 The meniscus is a semilunar fibrocartilaginous structure Traumatic injury and/or degenerative changes disrupt the mechanical function of these tissues. These changes can lead to the early onset and…

Fig. 43.1 Posterior view of shoulder. The anterior and posterior branches of axillary nerve are seen Posterior Approach This approach provides good access to the lower three-fourths of the humerus….

If the nutritional index is equal to zero or negative, oral or parenteral hyperalimentation must be given. If a patient loses more than 5 kg of weight before an elective…

Fig. 6.1 Muscle architecture PCSA of a muscle is calculated using the formula Muscles with small pennation angle and long muscle fiber size (e.g. hamstrings and tibialis anterior) provide large…

Fig. 33.1 Bone strength consists of bone density and bone quality Osteoporosis is defined as a skeletal disorder characterized by compromised bone strength predisposing to an increased risk of fracture….