Various diagnostic imaging techniques such as sonography, computed tomography, scintigraphy, radiography, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have made possible the noninvasive evaluation of skeletal muscle injury and disease. Although these…
Chronic muscle weakness is a common complaint among patients seen in rheumatology and neuromuscular specialty clinics. This article focuses on adult-onset muscular dystrophies, select hereditary myopathies, and other neuromuscular conditions…
Many drugs can cause myopathies, and such myopathies may range widely from asymptomatic elevations in the serum creatine phosphokinase levels to severe myalgias, cramps, exercise intolerance, muscle weakness, and even…
In paraneoplastic muscle disease, the malignancy may remotely affect neuromuscular transmission or incite muscle inflammation or necrosis. In several of these diseases, an autoimmune basis for the muscle disease has…
Inclusion body myositis (IBM) is the most common acquired myopathy in people older than 50 years. IBM typically presents with distal upper extremity weakness accompanied by proximal lower extremity muscle…
Recent advances have increased the understanding of the pathogenesis of polymyositis and dermatomyositis. Clearly, the pathogenesis is complex, and adaptive (eg, autoimmune) and innate and nonimmune pathways play a role…
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies are a heterogeneous group of autoimmune disorders predominantly affecting skeletal muscles, resulting in muscle inflammation and weakness. The 3 most common inflammatory myopathies are polymyositis (PM), dermatomyositis…
Osteoporosis-related fractures are associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and health care expenditure worldwide. The low sensitivity of bone density testing alone to predict fractures has led to the development of…
Teriparitide (TPD) is a novel anabolic agent that stimulates bone formation. TPD reduces risk of vertebral and nonvertebral fracture. Due to its positive effects on bone formation, many new uses…
Denosumab (Prolia) is a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), which interferes with the formation, activation, and survival of osteoclasts. It was approved…
