Tracheostomy
Tracheostomy Fernando Stein Jorge M. Karam Nadeem I. Shafi A tracheostomy is an opening created surgically through the neck and into the trachea (windpipe). A tracheostomy tube usually is placed…
Extubation
Extubation Fernando Stein Jorge M. Karam When the indications that prompted endotracheal intubation no longer exist, extubation should be executed carefully. Three major concerns in the removal of a tube…
Intubation
Intubation Fernando Stein Jorge M. Karam Because most instances of cardiac arrest in children are caused by respiratory failure, the ability to intubate the trachea is a skill every pediatrician…
Intracranial Pressure Measurements
Intracranial Pressure Measurements Fernando Stein An elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) is a common complication in patients with head injury, neoplasia, cerebral vascular accidents, infections, or metabolic disorders. ICP is…
Echocardiography
Echocardiography Jason T. Su Thomas A. Vargo Echocardiography is the diagnostic gold standard for the evaluation of cardiac anatomy and myocardial function in most pediatric patients in the intensive care…
Measurement of Cardiac Output
Measurement of Cardiac Output Carmen C. Cosio Thomas A. Vargo Cardiac output is an important hemodynamic variable in the assessment of cardiovascular function. Cardiac output (liters per minute) equals the…
Vascular Catheters
Vascular Catheters Carmen C. Cosio Thomas A. Vargo PERIPHERAL VENOUS CATHETERS Venous cannulation is the most common procedure performed in a pediatric hospital. It is indicated for administering therapeutic drugs…
Temperature-Controlling and Temperature-Sensing Devices
Temperature-Controlling and Temperature-Sensing Devices Fernando Stein Jose C. Cortes Four types of temperature-controlling devices are used commonly in the intensive care unit (ICU): the cooling/heating blanket, the heated water-filled mattress,…
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Problems
Bone, Joint, and Muscle Problems Paul D. Sponseller Most children’s musculoskeletal problems present first to the pediatrician. She/he is entrusted to triage them and sort out those needing observation from…
Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood
Rheumatic Diseases of Childhood James T. Cassidy The rheumatic diseases of childhood comprise a group of heterogeneous disorders that result in inflammation of the connective tissues of the body. A…
