Initial stage Resorption stage Reparative stage Articular cartilage Necrosis in deep layer Cessation of endochondral ossification Separation from underlying subchondral bone Vascular invasion New accessory ossification Irregularly hypertrophied articular…
Figure 5.1 Lateral radiographs of a high grade spondylolisthesis, both pre and post-op Spondylolysis – A defect in the pars interarticularis (the area of bone between the superior and inferior…
Site Effect Epiphyseal Joint pathologies Short stature Metaphyseal, diaphyseal Short, deformed long bones Spondylodysplasis Cervical instability Kyphoscoliosis Descriptions can be based on the specific site of limb shortening (see Fig….
(1) Paediatric and Young Adult Orthopaedic Unit, The Royal London and Barts and The London Children’s Hospitals, Barts Health, London, UK Introduction This chapter covers those conditions in which…
Figure 13.1 Bryant’s triangle (a) helps differentiate between supra- and infratrochanteric shortening of the femur. A line is drawn from the ASIS (A) to the tip of the greater trochanter…
Figure 15.1 Open ended hair-pin arrangement of metaphyseal blood vessels adjacent to the physis with transphyseal vessels crossing across into the epiphysis. This arrangement predisposes infants to septic arthritis and…
Figure 12.1 Example of an idiopathic clubfoot deformity – this is the same child as Fig. 12.2 Figure 12.2 An antenatal ultrasound scan demonstrating a clubfoot Radiographic analysis can be…
Figure 9.1 A diagram demonstrating the parameters for measuring the extent of the deformity in the proximal femur: (a) The neck shaft angle, i.e. the angle between the shaft and…
Age Common conditions 0–5 Transient synovitis Septic arthritis Osteomyelitis Discitis DDH Toddler’s fracture Non-accidental injury 5–10 Transient synovitis Septic arthritis Osteomyelitis Discitis Perthes’ disease 10–15 SCFE Septic arthritis Osteomyelitis Spondylolysis…
2.1.1.3 Fracture Classification Allman, in 1967, classified clavicle fractures into three groups based upon anatomical location. Groups I and III were further subdivided by Craig and Neer but the initial…
