Fig. 26.1 The NiEMG values of hamstring muscles during 2 sessions of knee flexion exercises. Values refer to the mean ± the standard error (SE). ∗∗ P < 0.01 between the muscles, N.S. no…
1. Spinal cord injuries with an ASIA classification at 48 h of A to D 2. Brain injuries with a Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS) at 48 h of ≤12 (i.e….
Fig. 17.1 Diagram of experiment field The subjects used their right leg as a pivot for both the 45° and 90° turn, both of which were to the left Each…
Fig. 8.1 A comprehensive model for injury causation (Bahr R, Krosshaug T (2005) Understanding the injury mechanisms – a key component to prevent injuries in sport. Br J Sports Med…
Fig. 31.1 Generational characteristics of LBP The pathomechanisms of LBP vary according to age. Sports-related stress on immature spinal vertebrae during the growth phase can cause end-plate disorders, and stress…
Fig. 29.1 Arrangement of markers for the point cluster technique. Twenty-five reflective markers were secured to the left lower extremity of each subject (This is the Author’s Accepted Manuscript of…
(1) Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Medical Center, Japan Institute of Sports Sciences, Tokyo, Japan Abstract Low back disorders may have a serious effect on an athlete’s performance. In previous…
All patients Age (years) Height (cm) Weight (kg) Postoperative time (months) Sports All subjects 20.5 ± 1.2 165.3 ± 8.6 63.8 ± 11.3 10.0 ± 1.6 – Males 20.8 ± 1.1 170.9 ± 6.0 71.6 ± 6.0 9.8 ± 1.3 Soccer, rugby, lacrosse, handball Females 20.1 ± 1.3…
Fig. 25.1 (a) Mean hip flexion and knee flexion angles during sprinting. (b) Typical example of normalized EMGs for the biceps femoris long head (BFlh) and semitendinosus (ST) muscles during…
Fig. 28.1 The definition of the foot coordination system. The origin is located on the calcaneus and is at the upper edge of the posterior surface. The calcaneus and the…
