Musculoskeletal Key

Fig. 21.1 Flow diagram for treatment options based on route of calcaneal osteomyelitis and wound status. Calcaneal osteomyelitis is generally caused by one of three routes of infection including hematogenous,…

Fig. 18.1 Flow diagram to assist with procedure selection for infected fifth ray ulcerations with suspicion of osteomyelitis. Ideal procedure selection for fifth ray osteomyelitis is based on underlying deformity,…

Fig. 22.1 Wheelchair-related lateral ankle decubitus pressure sores. Nonambulatory patients likely spend more hours of the day in a wheelchair or motorized powerchair than in bed which increases the risk…

Fig. 16.1 Osteomyelitis of a central toe is typically associated with direct spread of infection from neuropathic ulcers and digital gangrene. Neuropathic ulceration at the tip of the third toe…

Type I Open fracture, wound <1 cm in length and clean Type II Open fracture, wound >1 cm in length without extensive soft tissue damage, flaps, avulsions Type III Open…

Fig. 20.1 Patient selection criteria for Chopart’s amputation. (a) Gangrene encompassing the entirety of the forefoot may be considered for Chopart’s amputation depending on the viability of the proximal tissue….

Fig. 17.1 Lesser metatarsal transfer lesions are common following partial ray resection or metatarsal head resection. Biomechanically, the metatarsal parabola is disrupted, leading to excessive peak plantar pressure below the…

Fig. 12.1 Heterotopic ossification is most frequently appreciated at partial metatarsal amputation sites. It becomes clinically relevant when mid- to high-grade ossification forms on the plantar weight bearing aspect of…

Fig. 3.1 Plain film of the great toe demonstrates typical plain film findings of osteomyelitis including cortical erosion and destruction at the medial tip of the distal phalanx, lytic changes,…

Fig. 5.1 Acute osteomyelitis: Neutrophils infiltrate through the fibrous periosteum (arrow on periosteum) and into the cortical bone Bone is a dynamic organ. Normal, healthy bone is composed primarily of…